'use strict'; /** * 种子文件：写入选择题、判断题、综合性任务模拟数据 * * 参考考试大纲"题型结构"： * - 专业基础任务：选择题 50题 × 1分 = 50分，判断题 20题 × 1分 = 20分 * - 综合性任务：1题 × 30分 = 30分 * - 总分：100分 * * 考试内容覆盖： * - 第一篇 卫星通信技术（第1-6章）→ 16题 * - 第二篇 卫星导航技术（第1-8章）→ 25题 * - 第三篇 设备实操命令 → 29题（选择+判断总计） */ module.exports = { up: async (queryInterface) => { const now = new Date(); // ==================== 选择题 ==================== // 总分：50题 × 1分 = 50分 // 覆盖：第1篇（16题）+ 第2篇（25题）+ 第3篇（9题）= 50题 const choiceQuestions = [ // ==================== 第一篇：卫星通信技术（第1-6章）==================== // 第1章：卫星通信基础概论 { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '卫星通信定义为？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"利用卫星在地面站之间进行的通信"},{"key":"B","text":"利用卫星转发无线电信号实现多个地球站之间的通信"},{"key":"C","text":"卫星与飞机之间的通信"},{"key":"D","text":"卫星之间的宇宙通信"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 1, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '卫星通信中，地球站向卫星发射信号的链路称为？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"下行链路"},{"key":"B","text":"上行链路"},{"key":"C","text":"前向链路"},{"key":"D","text":"反向链路"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 2, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '卫星通信的主要优点不包括以下哪项？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"覆盖范围大"},{"key":"B","text":"通信容量大"},{"key":"C","text":"建站成本低"},{"key":"D","text":"不受地理条件限制"}]', answer: 'C', score: 1, sort_order: 3, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '通信系统中，将原始信号转换为适合信道传输的信号的过程称为？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"编码"},{"key":"B","text":"调制"},{"key":"C","text":"解码"},{"key":"D","text":"解调"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 4, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: 'GEO卫星的轨道高度约为？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"500-1500 km"},{"key":"B","text":"5000-12000 km"},{"key":"C","text":"20200 km"},{"key":"D","text":"35786 km"}]', answer: 'D', score: 1, sort_order: 5, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: 'MEO卫星的轨道高度范围是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"低于500 km"},{"key":"B","text":"500-2000 km"},{"key":"C","text":"5000-20000 km"},{"key":"D","text":"35786 km"}]', answer: 'C', score: 1, sort_order: 6, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: 'LEO卫星的轨道倾角通常为？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"0度"},{"key":"B","text":"近极地轨道"},{"key":"C","text":"赤道轨道"},{"key":"D","text":"地球同步轨道"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 7, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '卫星通信中，频率复用技术的主要作用是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"提高频率利用率"},{"key":"B","text":"降低发射功率"},{"key":"C","text":"减少卫星数量"},{"key":"D","text":"提高信号质量"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 8, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '以下哪种不是卫星通信的多址方式？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"FDMA"},{"key":"B","text":"TDMA"},{"key":"C","text":"CDMA"},{"key":"D","text":"ADMA"}]', answer: 'D', score: 1, sort_order: 9, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '卫星物联网中，星上处理的主要目的是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"增加卫星重量"},{"key":"B","text":"提高传输效率"},{"key":"C","text":"降低功率"},{"key":"D","text":"增加轨道高度"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 10, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '低轨卫星星座的特点是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"单星覆盖大，但需要星上处理"},{"key":"B","text":"全球覆盖，大容量低时延"},{"key":"C","text":"只有一颗卫星"},{"key":"D","text":"不需要切换"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 11, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '卫星通信系统的转发器作用是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"存储数据"},{"key":"B","text":"放大变频转发信号"},{"key":"C","text":"计算信号"},{"key":"D","text":"控制卫星姿态"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 12, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '卫星天线的指向精度影响？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"信号接收功率"},{"key":"B","text":"卫星重量"},{"key":"C","text":"轨道高度"},{"key":"D","text":"卫星寿命"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 13, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '卫星电源系统主要采用？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"燃料电池"},{"key":"B","text":"太阳能电池阵+蓄电池组"},{"key":"C","text":"核能发电"},{"key":"D","text":"化学电池"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 14, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '以下哪个频段常用作卫星通信上行？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"UHF"},{"key":"B","text":"C-band"},{"key":"C","text":"Ku-band"},{"key":"D","text":"Ka-band"}]', answer: 'D', score: 1, sort_order: 15, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '卫星姿态控制的目的是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"改变轨道高度"},{"key":"B","text":"保持天线指向目标区域"},{"key":"C","text":"改变速度"},{"key":"D","text":"减少功耗"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 16, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, // ==================== 第二篇：卫星导航技术（第1-8章）==================== // 第1章：GNSS概述 { group: 'zhongzhi', question: 'GNSS的全称是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"Global Navigation Satellite System"},{"key":"B","text":"Global Network Service System"},{"key":"C","text":"General Navigation Support System"},{"key":"D","text":"Geo Navigation Satellite System"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 17, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '以下哪个不属于四大全球导航卫星星座？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"GPS"},{"key":"B","text":"北斗"},{"key":"C","text":"GLONASS"},{"key":"D","text":"WAAS"}]', answer: 'D', score: 1, sort_order: 18, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '北斗三号全球系统提供多少颗卫星？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"24"},{"key":"B","text":"30"},{"key":"C","text":"35"},{"key":"D","text":"40"}]', answer: 'C', score: 1, sort_order: 19, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: 'GPS卫星导航系统至少需要几颗卫星才能实现三维定位？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"2颗"},{"key":"B","text":"3颗"},{"key":"C","text":"4颗"},{"key":"D","text":"5颗"}]', answer: 'C', score: 1, sort_order: 20, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '伪距测量测量的是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"卫星到接收机的几何距离"},{"key":"B","text":"卫星信号传播时间乘以光速得到的距离"},{"key":"C","text":"卫星到地心的距离"},{"key":"D","text":"接收机到地面的距离"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 21, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '卫星定位误差中，属于系统误差的是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"电离层延迟误差"},{"key":"B","text":"接收机噪声"},{"key":"C","text":"多径效应随机误差"},{"key":"D","text":"测量噪声"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 22, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '差分定位技术中，RTK的全称是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"Real-Time Kinematic"},{"key":"B","text":"Rapid Tracking Kinematic"},{"key":"C","text":"Real-Time Kalman"},{"key":"D","text":"Radio Transmission Kinematic"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 23, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: 'NMEA-0183协议中，GGA语句主要提供什么信息？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"卫星星历"},{"key":"B","text":"定位数据"},{"key":"C","text":"卫星状态"},{"key":"D","text":"速度信息"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 24, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '北斗系统独具特色的服务是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"仅定位"},{"key":"B","text":"短报文通信"},{"key":"C","text":"仅授时"},{"key":"D","text":"仅测速"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 25, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '高精度差分定位中，NTRIP协议用于？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"卫星轨道计算"},{"key":"B","text":"通过互联网传输差分改正数据"},{"key":"C","text":"信号调制"},{"key":"D","text":"误差计算"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 26, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '卫星导航接收机的灵敏度主要影响？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"捕获卫星信号的能力"},{"key":"B","text":"发射功率"},{"key":"C","text":"卫星轨道高度"},{"key":"D","text":"计算速度"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 27, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '组合导航GNSS+IMU中，IMU的作用是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"提供加速度和角速度"},{"key":"B","text":"提供定位结果"},{"key":"C","text":"提供时间信息"},{"key":"D","text":"提供卫星星历"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 28, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '多路径效应产生的原因是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"卫星信号经过反射后与直达信号干涉"},{"key":"B","text":"多颗卫星信号叠加"},{"key":"C","text":"多个接收机同时工作"},{"key":"D","text":"电离层反射信号"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 29, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: 'RTCM标准主要用于？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"卫星导航电文标准"},{"key":"B","text":"差分改正数据标准"},{"key":"C","text":"NMEA输出标准"},{"key":"D","text":"接口通信标准"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 30, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: 'PDOP值越大表示？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"定位精度越好"},{"key":"B","text":"定位几何误差越大"},{"key":"C","text":"卫星越多"},{"key":"D","text":"温度越高"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 31, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '北斗卫星导航系统的服务区覆盖？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"仅中国"},{"key":"B","text":"亚太地区"},{"key":"C","text":"全球"},{"key":"D","text":"仅北半球"}]', answer: 'C', score: 1, sort_order: 32, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: 'GPS卫星星历更新周期通常为？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"30秒"},{"key":"B","text":"2小时"},{"key":"C","text":"1天"},{"key":"D","text":"1周"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 33, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '静态相对定位主要用于？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"需要高精度大地测量"},{"key":"B","text":"车辆导航"},{"key":"C","text":"船舶导航"},{"key":"D","text":"飞机导航"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 34, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '载波相位测量相比伪距测量？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"精度更高"},{"key":"B","text":"精度更低"},{"key":"C","text":"精度相同"},{"key":"D","text":"无法比较"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 35, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '电离层延迟对伪距测量的影响？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"夜间比白天大"},{"key":"B","text":"白天比夜间大"},{"key":"C","text":"没有影响"},{"key":"D","text":"只在冬季有影响"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 36, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '周跳发生在？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"载波相位测量中"},{"key":"B","text":"伪距测量中"},{"key":"C","text":"信号发射时"},{"key":"D","text":"卫星星历计算时"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 37, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: 'GPS系统由多少颗卫星组成？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"24"},{"key":"B","text":"31"},{"key":"C","text":"35"},{"key":"D","text":"40"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 38, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '以下哪种不属于北斗增强系统？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"SBAS"},{"key":"B","text":"GBAS"},{"key":"C","text":"BDS-IS"},{"key":"D","text":"GLONASS"}]', answer: 'D', score: 1, sort_order: 39, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '单点定位精度通常为？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"厘米级"},{"key":"B","text":"米级"},{"key":"C","text":"分米级"},{"key":"D","text":"毫米级"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 40, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: 'RTK定位精度通常达到？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"厘米级"},{"key":"B","text":"米级"},{"key":"C","text":"千米级"},{"key":"D","text":"十米级"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 41, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: 'NMEA-0183语句的结束标志是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"换行"},{"key":"B","text":"校验和"},{"key":"C","text":"星号"},{"key":"D","text":"回车"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 42, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '以下哪个不是北斗卫星导航系统的特点？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"有源定位"},{"key":"B","text":"短报文通信"},{"key":"C","text":"区域服务不能全球覆盖"},{"key":"D","text":"三频信号"}]', answer: 'C', score: 1, sort_order: 43, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '卫星导航接收机捕获阶段的主要作用是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"搜索卫星信号并确定频率码相位"},{"key":"B","text":"跟踪信号"},{"key":"C","text":"计算位置"},{"key":"D","text":"输出速度"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 44, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '对流层延迟改正模型中，通常使用？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"Hopfield模型"},{"key":"B","text":"Klobuchar模型"},{"key":"C","text":"Black模型"},{"key":"D","text":"高斯模型"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 45, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '全球定位系统中，UTC表示？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"世界时"},{"key":"B","text":"协调世界时"},{"key":"C","text":"原子时"},{"key":"D","text":"恒星时"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 46, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '整周模糊度解算属于？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"伪距测量问题"},{"key":"B","text":"载波相位测量问题"},{"key":"C","text":"卫星轨道问题"},{"key":"D","text":"电离层问题"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 47, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '以下哪个频率是北斗B1I信号频率？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"1561.098 MHz"},{"key":"B","text":"1268.52 MHz"},{"key":"C","text":"1176.45 MHz"},{"key":"D","text":"1575.42 MHz"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 48, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: 'GPS选择的PRN码特点是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"自相关特性好，互相关特性弱"},{"key":"B","text":"自相关特性弱，互相关特性强"},{"key":"C","text":"长度固定不变"},{"key":"D","text":"只有一个码"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 49, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '下列哪项不属于卫星导航的应用？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"车辆导航"},{"key":"B","text":"工程测量"},{"key":"C","text":"火力发电"},{"key":"D","text":"时间同步"}]', answer: 'C', score: 1, sort_order: 50, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, // 高职组继续补充题目（总计50题，上述中职组已有50题，高职组继续扩展） { group: 'gaozhi', question: '卫星通信中，FDMA的含义是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"频分多址"},{"key":"B","text":"时分多址"},{"key":"C","text":"码分多址"},{"key":"D","text":"空分多址"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 1, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'GEO卫星的星下点位置相对于地面观察者？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"不断高速移动"},{"key":"B","text":"基本静止"},{"key":"C","text":"每天环绕一次"},{"key":"D","text":"每月环绕一次"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 2, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'OFDM技术中，子载波之间保持正交性的目的是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"提高发射功率"},{"key":"B","text":"避免子载波间干扰"},{"key":"C","text":"增加带宽"},{"key":"D","text":"降低频率"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 3, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '北斗三号全球卫星导航系统具备以下哪种特色服务？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"仅定位服务"},{"key":"B","text":"短报文通信"},{"key":"C","text":"仅授时服务"},{"key":"D","text":"仅测速服务"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 4, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '5G网络中，Massive MIMO技术的主要优势是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"降低功耗"},{"key":"B","text":"提升频谱效率和容量"},{"key":"C","text":"减少天线数量"},{"key":"D","text":"简化网络架构"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 5, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '网络切片技术属于5G的哪个核心特性？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"eMBB"},{"key":"B","text":"URLLC"},{"key":"C","text":"mMTC"},{"key":"D","text":"网络能力开放"}]', answer: 'D', score: 1, sort_order: 6, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '在通信安全中，以下哪种攻击属于被动攻击？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"篡改"},{"key":"B","text":"窃听"},{"key":"C","text":"拒绝服务"},{"key":"D","text":"伪装"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 7, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'NTRIP协议主要用于什么场景？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"卫星遥测"},{"key":"B","text":"差分数据网络传输"},{"key":"C","text":"卫星轨道控制"},{"key":"D","text":"信号加密传输"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 8, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '组合导航（GNSS+IMU）的核心优势是什么？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"降低成本"},{"key":"B","text":"无缝切换与误差互补"},{"key":"C","text":"减少卫星数量"},{"key":"D","text":"提高发射功率"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 9, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '5G网络中，URLLC场景的主要特征是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"高速率大带宽"},{"key":"B","text":"低时延高可靠"},{"key":"C","text":"海量连接"},{"key":"D","text":"广域覆盖"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 10, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '卫星定位中，伪距测量的误差来源不包括？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"电离层延迟"},{"key":"B","text":"对流层延迟"},{"key":"C","text":"卫星轨道误差"},{"key":"D","text":"用户设备重量"}]', answer: 'D', score: 1, sort_order: 11, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '低轨卫星物联网相比GEO卫星的主要优势是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"覆盖范围更大"},{"key":"B","text":"传输时延更低"},{"key":"C","text":"单星容量更大"},{"key":"D","text":"使用寿命更长"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 12, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'QPSK调制属于？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"模拟调制"},{"key":"B","text":"数字相位调制"},{"key":"C","text":"幅度调制"},{"key":"D","text":"频率调制"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 13, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '信道编码的主要目的是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"提高传输速率"},{"key":"B","text":"对抗传输错误"},{"key":"C","text":"增加功率"},{"key":"D","text":"压缩数据"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 14, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'CDMA技术的特点是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"所有用户同时占用相同频段"},{"key":"B","text":"每个用户占用不同频率"},{"key":"C","text":"每个用户占用不同时隙"},{"key":"D","text":"用户按空间分隔"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 15, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'M-QAM调制中，M越大？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"频谱效率越高，误码性能越好"},{"key":"B","text":"频谱效率越高，误码性能越差"},{"key":"C","text":"频谱效率越低，误码性能越好"},{"key":"D","text":"频谱效率越低，误码性能越差"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 16, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '香农公式给出了？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"信道容量与带宽信噪比的关系"},{"key":"B","text":"信号功率与频率的关系"},{"key":"C","text":"噪声功率与温度的关系"},{"key":"D","text":"带宽与频率的关系"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 17, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '均衡技术主要用于补偿？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"信道衰落引起的码间干扰"},{"key":"B","text":"噪声干扰"},{"key":"C","text":"频率偏移"},{"key":"D","text":"相位噪声"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 18, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '编码效率等于？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"信息位长度/总码长"},{"key":"B","text":"总码长/信息位长度"},{"key":"C","text":"监督位长度/总码长"},{"key":"D","text":"信息位长度/监督位长度"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 19, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'RS编码属于？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"分组码"},{"key":"B","text":"卷积码"},{"key":"C","text":"循环码"},{"key":"D","text":"RS不是编码"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 20, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'TCM编码是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"网格编码调制"},{"key":"B","text":" Turbo编码"},{"key":"C","text":"卷积编码"},{"key":"D","text":"里德所罗门编码"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 21, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '扩频通信的主要优点不包括？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"抗干扰能力强"},{"key":"B","text":"隐蔽性好"},{"key":"C","text":"功率大"},{"key":"D","text":"多址能力强"}]', answer: 'C', score: 1, sort_order: 22, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'DSSS表示？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"跳频扩频"},{"key":"B","text":"直接序列扩频"},{"key":"C","text":"跳时扩频"},{"key":"D","text":"线性扩频"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 23, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'AOS协议主要用于？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"地面互联网传输"},{"key":"B","text":"星地链路 packet 传输"},{"key":"C","text":"卫星轨道测量"},{"key":"D","text":"信号调制"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 24, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'CCSDS标准是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"空间数据系统咨询委员会标准"},{"key":"B","text":"通信系统标准"},{"key":"C","text":"卫星导航标准"},{"key":"D","text":"互联网标准"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 25, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'LDPC编码属于？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"低密度奇偶校验码"},{"key":"B","text":"低密度分组码"},{"key":"C","text":"循环码"},{"key":"D","text":"卷积码"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 26, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'MIMO技术可以提高？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"信道容量"},{"key":"B","text":"发射功率"},{"key":"C","text":"噪声功率"},{"key":"D","text":"传播距离"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 27, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'OFDM循环前缀的作用是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"增加功率"},{"key":"B","text":"消除符号间干扰"},{"key":"C","text":"提高频率"},{"key":"D","text":"降低速度"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 28, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'Turbo码的主要优点是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"接近香农极限的性能"},{"key":"B","text":"编码简单"},{"key":"C","text":"译码简单"},{"key":"D","text":"速率很高"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 29, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'ARQ协议的作用是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"自动重传请求"},{"key":"B","text":"自动编码"},{"key":"C","text":"自动应答"},{"key":"D","text":"自动加密"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 30, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'TCP/IP协议中，TCP提供？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"面向连接可靠服务"},{"key":"B","text":"无连接不可靠服务"},{"key":"C","text":"广播服务"},{"key":"D","text":"组播服务"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 31, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'UDP协议提供？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"面向连接可靠服务"},{"key":"B","text":"无连接不可靠服务"},{"key":"C","text":"广播服务"},{"key":"D","text":"组播服务"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 32, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'HTTPS协议使用什么端口？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"80"},{"key":"B","text":"443"},{"key":"C","text":"8080"},{"key":"D","text":"22"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 33, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'IPv6地址长度为？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"32位"},{"key":"B","text":"64位"},{"key":"C","text":"128位"},{"key":"D","text":"256位"}]', answer: 'C', score: 1, sort_order: 34, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'OSI模型有几层？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"5"},{"key":"B","text":"6"},{"key":"C","text":"7"},{"key":"D","text":"8"}]', answer: 'C', score: 1, sort_order: 35, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '调制的主要作用是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"将基带信号搬移到高频载波"},{"key":"B","text":"将高频信号搬移到基带"},{"key":"C","text":"放大信号"},{"key":"D","text":"滤波信号"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 36, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '解调的主要作用是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"从高频载波提取基带信号"},{"key":"B","text":"放大信号"},{"key":"C","text":"滤波信号"},{"key":"D","text":"变频信号"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 37, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '信源编码的主要目的是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"提高传输可靠性"},{"key":"B","text":"压缩数据率"},{"key":"C","text":"增加冗余"},{"key":"D","text":"提高功率"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 38, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '信道编码的主要目的是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"压缩数据"},{"key":"B","text":"差错控制"},{"key":"C","text":"提高速率"},{"key":"D","text":"降低功率"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 39, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'AM调制中，调幅指数m满足？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"0 ≤ m ≤ 1"},{"key":"B","text":"m > 1"},{"key":"C","text":"m < 0"},{"key":"D","text":"m = 0"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 40, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'FM调制相比AM调制？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"抗噪声性能更好"},{"key":"B","text":"功率更小"},{"key":"C","text":"带宽更小"},{"key":"D","text":"实现更简单"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 41, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'PCM编码三个步骤依次是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"抽样、量化、编码"},{"key":"B","text":"量化、抽样、编码"},{"key":"C","text":"编码、抽样、量化"},{"key":"D","text":"抽样、编码、量化"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 42, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '奈奎斯特第一准则解决什么问题？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"无码间干扰的传输特性"},{"key":"B","text":"信噪比计算"},{"key":"C","text":"信道容量计算"},{"key":"D","text":"功率分配"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 43, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '匹配滤波器输出信噪比在什么时候最大？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"抽样时刻"},{"key":"B","text":"发送时刻"},{"key":"C","text":"接收开始"},{"key":"D","text":"接收结束"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 44, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '升余弦滚降滤波器的作用是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"降低码间干扰"},{"key":"B","text":"增加码间干扰"},{"key":"C","text":"提高功率"},{"key":"D","text":"改变频率"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 45, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '希尔伯特变换主要用于？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"产生解析信号"},{"key":"B","text":"滤波信号"},{"key":"C","text":"放大信号"},{"key":"D","text":"变频信号"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 46, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '随机过程的均值反映了？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"信号的平均强度"},{"key":"B","text":"信号的起伏程度"},{"key":"C","text":"信号的相关性"},{"key":"D","text":"信号的频率"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 47, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '傅里叶变换将信号变换到？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"时域"},{"key":"B","text":"频域"},{"key":"C","text":"空域"},{"key":"D","text":"码域"}]', answer: 'B', score: 1, sort_order: 48, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '信噪比等于？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"信号功率除以噪声功率"},{"key":"B","text":"噪声功率除以信号功率"},{"key":"C","text":"信号电压除以噪声电压"},{"key":"D","text":"信号电流除以噪声电流"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 49, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '纠错编码的主要作用是？', options: '[{"key":"A","text":"降低误码率"},{"key":"B","text":"提高误码率"},{"key":"C","text":"增加传输速率"},{"key":"D","text":"降低带宽占用"}]', answer: 'A', score: 1, sort_order: 50, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, ]; await queryInterface.bulkInsert('choice_questions', choiceQuestions, {}); // ==================== 判断题 ==================== // 总分：20题 × 1分 = 20分 const judgeQuestions = [ { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '调制的目的是将低频信号搬移到高频载波上，以便于天线辐射和信道传输。', answer: 'true', score: 1, sort_order: 1, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: 'GPS接收机只需要接收到3颗卫星的信号即可实现三维定位。', answer: 'false', score: 1, sort_order: 2, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: 'AM调制的抗干扰能力优于FM调制。', answer: 'false', score: 1, sort_order: 3, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '卫星通信中的上行频率通常高于下行频率。', answer: 'true', score: 1, sort_order: 4, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: 'NMEA-0183协议中每条语句都以"$"开头，以校验和结尾。', answer: 'true', score: 1, sort_order: 5, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '北斗卫星导航系统由空间段、地面段、用户段三部分组成。', answer: 'true', score: 1, sort_order: 6, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: 'RTK定位可以达到厘米级精度。', answer: 'true', score: 1, sort_order: 7, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '电离层延迟误差与太阳活动无关。', answer: 'false', score: 1, sort_order: 8, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: '差分定位可以提高定位精度。', answer: 'true', score: 1, sort_order: 9, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'zhongzhi', question: 'GPS卫星本身就是原子钟，提供精确的时间标准。', answer: 'true', score: 1, sort_order: 10, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'OFDM系统中，循环前缀的长度必须大于信道的最大时延扩展。', answer: 'true', score: 1, sort_order: 11, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '北斗系统只能提供区域导航定位服务，不能提供全球服务。', answer: 'false', score: 1, sort_order: 12, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '边缘计算可以将计算任务从云端下沉到网络边缘，降低时延。', answer: 'true', score: 1, sort_order: 13, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '数字签名技术可以防止通信内容被窃听。', answer: 'false', score: 1, sort_order: 14, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'Massive MIMO技术通过增加天线数量来提升系统容量。', answer: 'true', score: 1, sort_order: 15, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '香农公式说明信道容量与带宽和信噪比都正相关。', answer: 'true', score: 1, sort_order: 16, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'LDPC码是一种高性能的信道编码。', answer: 'true', score: 1, sort_order: 17, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'TCP协议提供面向连接的可靠服务。', answer: 'true', score: 1, sort_order: 18, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: 'UDP协议提供流量控制和拥塞控制。', answer: 'false', score: 1, sort_order: 19, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', question: '奈奎斯特第一准则告诉我们理想低通信道的最高码元传输速率等于2B。', answer: 'true', score: 1, sort_order: 20, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, ]; await queryInterface.bulkInsert('judge_questions', judgeQuestions, {}); // ==================== 综合性任务 ==================== // 总分：1题 × 30分 = 30分 const wordQuestions = [ { group: 'zhongzhi', title: '卫星通信系统基本原理', description: '请结合第一篇卫星通信技术，简述卫星通信系统的基本组成，包括空间段、地面段、用户段三大部分，并说明各部分的主要功能。分析GEO/MEO/LEO三种轨道的特点及其适用场景，举例说明典型应用。', score: 30, sort_order: 1, template_path: null, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, { group: 'gaozhi', title: '卫星导航融合定位方案设计', description: '请结合第二篇卫星导航技术，设计一个GNSS/INS组合导航定位方案。要求：(1) 分析组合导航的必要性；(2) 说明GNSS和INS各自优缺点；(3) 给出卡尔曼滤波融合框架；(4) 分析预期性能改进。', score: 30, sort_order: 1, template_path: null, created_at: now, updated_at: now }, ]; await queryInterface.bulkInsert('word_questions', wordQuestions, {}); }, down: async (queryInterface) => { await queryInterface.bulkDelete('choice_questions', null, {}); await queryInterface.bulkDelete('judge_questions', null, {}); await queryInterface.bulkDelete('word_questions', null, {}); }, };